The Renaissance marked a revival of classical learning and wisdom, profoundly influencing the cultural landscape of Europe. It began in Italy and spread across the continent, characterized by a renewed interest in the art, architecture, and philosophies of ancient Greece and Rome. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael exemplified the era with their masterful techniques and groundbreaking works which emphasized realism, perspective, and human emotion. The period also saw the development of linear perspective, anatomical accuracy in human figures, and a focus on individualism, significantly advancing artistic expression and laying the groundwork for modern Western art.

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